We hope that you  will  attend  the  Stuart-Mosby-Historical
Society  ceremony  honoring  Major General James Ewell Brown
Stuart at the Stuart family section  in  Hollywood  Cemetery
Saturday February 12 at 11:00 AM.  J.  E.  B.  Stuarts V and
VI call Longstreet their home camp.  J.  E.  B.   Stuart  IV
is  an  associate member.  New Longstreet Camp members Daryl
Cooke and Will Wallace are descendants of Brigadier  General
John  Rogers  Cooke, the brother of the original JEB's wife,
Flora.  There will be signs in the cemetery leading  you  to
the  Stuart section.  This is an annual event scheduled on a
date close to General Stuart's birthday.  Ceremonies such as
this  bring  to  mind  a  statement made by Douglas Southall
Freeman, "We Virginians do not go to the storied shrines  of
the past to do worship, but rather to gain inspiration."    

Inclement  weather  caused  cancellation of the Stuart-Mosby
January  22  ceremony  honoring  Robert  E,  Lee,  Stonewall
Jackson,  and Matthew Fontaine Maury.  We hope that our Camp
members and families maneuvered safely through the snow  and
ice-filled   streets   during   the  recent  unpleasant  and
dangerous weather.  safely through the snow  and  ice-filled
streets during the recent unpleasant and dangerous weather. 

Thank  you's  are  in  order  to  John  Coski  and Ann Lowry
Lauterbach for their special donations to the Old War Horse.
Ann's  gift  was  in memory of her late husband Tom, who had
served as Adjutant and Commander of our Camp.  We appreciate
very  much  these donations to Longstreet Camp's outstanding
newsletter.                                                 

John, a long-time good friend of our Camp, is in  charge  of
the   Confederate   Navy   exhibit  at  the  Museum  of  the
Confederacy beginning March 4.  Many  people  confine  their
thinking  about the naval war to the battles of CSS Virginia
vs.  USS Monitor at Hampton  Roads,  CSS  Alabama  vs.   USS
Kearsarge  off  the  coast  of  France, and Mobile Bay.  The
Museum's exhibit has some fascinating artifacts which  cover
much  more  than  these  famous  engagements.  If you aren't
already a member of the Museum, now is a great time to join.

We were pleased to induct at our January meeting new members
Dave Forrest, Scott Summerfield, and Will Wallace.  Our Camp
continues to grow, as  we  have  sent  to  headquarters  the
membership   application  of  Clinton  L.   Cowardin,  whose
ancestor William Henry  Cowardin  served  as  a  private  in
Company  B,  12th  Battalion,  Virginia Light Artillery.  We
shall schedule an induction ceremony  after  his  membership
certificate  is  received from headquarters.  This gives our
Camp five Cowardins, all  descended  from  this  Confederate
artilleryman.  We welcome warmly all these new members.     

At the January meeting we were delighted to have visiting us
Rick Valentine, his father-in-law Carl Cimino, Marion  (Mrs.
Dave) George, Robert Mahone, Stephen Pierce (son of recently
deceased associate member real son Clifton  Pierce),  Peyton
Roden,  And  Patty  (Mrs.   Mike)  Kidd and son Andrew Kidd.
Thanks to our Camp members who invited these guests.        

Our chaplain Henry  Langford  has  moved  to  the  Hermitage
retirement  home.   Henry's  surgery  and some other medical
situations  have  prevented  him   from   attending   recent
meetings,  which  has made them less colorful and enjoyable.
We hope that Henry will be with us again soon.              

Ken Parsons is scheduled for February surgery.  Ken  is  one
our  more  faithful members and has brought a good number of
new members into our Camp.  He prefers not to  have  company
in   the   hospital.    We  shall,  nevertheless,  pray  for
successful surgery and a complete and speedy recovery.      

The George C.  Marshall Foundation is joining with  VMI  and
Washington  and  Lee  to  sponsor  a  two-day  conference on
"Leadership with Integrity:  The  Character  and  Career  of
George C.  Marshall." This program will be held in Lexington
February 25-26 as part of Washington and Lee's Institute for
Honor,  established four years ago by the Washington and Lee
Class of 1960.                                              

General Marshall, VMI 1901, was much in the mold  of  Robert
E.   Lee.   Both  had  distinguished Army careers, marked by
outstanding performance, integrity, and  unselfish  devotion
to duty.  After their military careers both could have taken
positions in the business world  which  would  have  brought
them   substantial   monetary  rewards.   They  declined  to
capitalize on their reputations, but chose instead to pursue
lives   of  continued  service.   Lee  became  President  of
Washington College, feeling that education was vital to  the
rebuilding  of the South after the devastation caused by the
War Between the States.  At the request of President  Truman
General Marshall served as special envoy to China, Secretary
of State, and Secretary of Defense.  He was awarded the 1953
Nobel  Peace  Prize for his Marshall Plan for the post World
War Two rebuilding of shattered European nations.           

In a  November  14,  1938  meeting  of  top  government  and
military  officials  General  Marshall  had  the  courage to
express directly to President Franklin Roosevelt his  strong
feeling  that  the  President's plan for aircraft production
was less than what the nation needed.  It is  a  tribute  to
both  men  that  in April 1939 President Roosevelt announced
that General Marshall would become Chief  of  Staff  of  the
United   States   Army  effective  September  1.   Germany's
invasion of Poland on that  date  began  World  War  Two  in
Europe.   General  Marshall  remained  Army  Chief  of Staff
throughout the entire war.                                  

In the Marshall Museum at VMI there is a letter dated 21 May
1942 from General Marshall to Douglas Southall Freeman which
says, "I appreciate the trouble to  which  you  are  putting
yourself  in  preparing for me a memorandum based on General
Lee's experience.  Certainly no  commander  could  wish  for
better guidance or for better lessons than those to be drawn
from examples of his illustrious leadership."               

Both Marshall and Lee declined to write  memoirs,  at  least
partially  due to their desire not to damage the reputations
of others.                                                  

A few years ago, a friend from  John  Marshall  High  School
days and I were walking around the grounds of those two fine
Lexington schools.  We opined, "Think of it- a school  named
after  Washington  where  Lee  was  president next door to a
school where Jackson taught and where  George  C.   Marshall
was First Captain of the Corps.  There's no place in America
that can match this."                                       

There really is  no  place  on  earth  like  Virginia.   How
blessed we are to live here.                                


				Walter Tucker

(The New) ROMA'S RESTAURANT 
8330 STAPLES MILL RD.
LOCATED IN "THE SHOPS AT STAPLES MILL"
TURN LEFT AT FIRST STOPLIGHT NORTH OF
THE WISTAR SHOPPING CENTER

DINNER- SOCIAL 6:00 PM

Taylor Cowardin with Mike Gorman

Mike Gorman, ebullient Richmond  Battlefield  National  Park
historian  and  webmaster  of the magnificent web site Civil
War Richmond (www.mdgorman.com) gave  an  outstanding  Power
Point   presentation  entitled  Richmond  Hospitals  at  our
January meeting.                                            

In  1860  there  were  only  three  hospitals  in  Richmond,
including  one  slave  hospital and MCV.  With the advent of
The War came chaos.  Fifteen thousand soldiers, most of whom
were  from  sparsely  populated  rural  areas  were  brought
together in Richmond.  Disease preceded  battles.   Many  of
the  sick  were  put  up  in  private homes and in one large
hospital, St.  Charles.                                     

Wounded Confederate and Yankee soldiers began arriving after
1st   Manassas.    Prisoners   were   housed   in  converted
warehouses.   Some  of  these  became  hospitals.    Wounded
Yankees  were housed in the Alms House.  They got reasonably
good treatment there.  Complaints were raised.  Yankees were
moved out and Confederates in.                              

The   Richmond   Female  Institute  became  a  hospital  for
Confederate officers.                                       

Chimborazo Hospital was opened October 1861.   in  buildings
which   had   originally   been   winter  quarters  for  the
Confederate Army.  James B.  McCaw, superintendent,  had  to
defend  use of the bath house.  Postwar, a school for former
slave children was established in this location.            

Winder  Hospital,  near  Shields  Lake   (Byrd   Park)   was
established  for  convalescents and North Carolina soldiers.
Howard's Grove was established on  Mechanicsville  Pike  for
smallpox victims.                                           

Wounded transported to Richmond went to Seabrook for initial
triage.  From there they went to one of the major  hospitals
or  to  one  of the 28 smaller hospitals.  Some went to tiny
private hospitals where attention was excellent.            

Everybody's heard of Captain Sallie Tompkins and her work in
hospitals.   Mike  brought  to  our  attention  Juliet  Opie
Hopkins,  who  administered  three  hospitals  for   Alabama
soldiers.   General  Joseph  Johnston  said of Ms.  Hopkins,
"Her hospital is worth more than a brigade of fresh  troops.
The  2nd  Alabama  Hospital  is  in  the  East  End building
occupied for years by Pohlig Brothers Box Company.          

Problems of supply  were  horrendous.   Inadequate  budgets,
raging  inflation,  and  the  blockade led to supplies being
brought in from western Virginia by canal boat.   There  was
also  an  inability  to  retain  experienced  nurses.  Slave
owners would rent their slaves to the hospitals as  workers.
They  didn't  let  the war effort keep them from pitting the
hospitals against each other  in  bidding  for  the  highest
prices.                                                     

By   1865  there  were  five  large  hospitals,  28  general
hospitals, and 23 other buildings  used  as  hospitals.   In
addition, wounded and sick soldiers were housed in countless
private  homes.   The  images   displayed   by   Mike   were
fascinating.    His   informative   and   interesting  talk,
interspersed  with   humorous   comments,   made   this   an
outstanding evening.                                        

Afterword:                                                  

One of Mike's photos showed a boat marked  Winder  Hospital.
My  great  grandfather  Iverson  Lewis  Dunn  was a nurse at
Winder from 23 April 1864 until war's end.  Iverson  started
out  in the 55th Virginia Infantry, but was in hospital with
kidney trouble from September 1863 until he became a nurse. 


                         Walter Dunn Tucker

Ed Bearss

Ed Bearss, Chief Historian Emeritus  of  the  National  Park
Service,  enlightened  us  about General James Longstreet in
his usual entertaining manner at our December 7th  Christmas
banquet.                                                    

He  began  by  stating  that a monument to the General would
have gone up many years earlier if  he  had  died  from  his
wounding  at the Wilderness May 1864.  He commented that the
monument is small and does not do justice to the large frame
of the General.                                             

Ed reminded us that James Longstreet finished 54th out of 56
in the class of 1842 at the United States Military  Academy.
This  was  slightly  better  than George Edward Pickett, who
finished last in the class of 1846.                         

Longstreet  was  wounded  at  the  Mexican  War  Battle   of
Chapultepec,  where  he  handed the colors of the 8th United
States Infantry to George Pickett.                          

James Longstreet fathered ten children, three of  whom  died
in  a  scarlet  fever  epidemic in Richmond in January 1862.
They are buried in Hollywood cemetery.                      

The General has been criticized for being slow.   Offsetting
this  is  his reputation for attacking with a sledge hammer,
as demonstrated at Second Manassas and Chickamauga.         

After  General   Longstreet's   unsuccessful   and   unhappy
experience  in command at Knoxville, he returned to the Army
of Northern Virginia in April 1864.  The clash of Lee's Army
with  Meade's  (really  Grant's)  Union  Army of the Potomac
occurred at the Wilderness May 5.  It was Hancock vs.  Hill,
with  the latter's Corps retiring.  John Gregg's Texas (plus
Arkansas) brigade lost 600 of 800 men.   Here  occurred  the
famous "Lee to the rear" incident.                          

Longstreet's   Corps  came  up  on  May  6  to  relieve  his
beleaguered comrades.  The Union broke.  Union General James
Wadsworth  was mortally wounded.  Grant was so concerned the
he went through 22 cigars.  Longstreet's party of 11 went up
the  Orange  Plank  Road  to reconnoiter.  They were wearing
newer, darker uniforms.  The 12th Virginia  Infantry,  alone
of  the regiments of Mahone's brigade, was on the north side
of the road.  Thinking that Longstreet's party consisted  of
Union  soldiers, they began firing.  Brigadier General Micah
Jenkins was killed.                                         

General Longstreet was hit in the  right  hand  and  in  the
right clavicle.  The latter bullet came out the front of his
throat.  He first thought he was going to die.  Soldiers put
his  hat  over  his  face.   The  Army  came to a halt.  The
General told General Field to press the attack.   He  lifted
his  hat  in  his  left  hand  and waved to the troops.  The
Yankees had four  hours  to  throw  up  breastworks  at  the
intersection  of  the  Brock Road and the Orange Plank Road.
The Confederate attack was repulsed.                        

On May 7 General Longstreet was evacuated  first  to  Orange
and then to Lynchburg before going to Georgia to recuperate.
This big man, known as the "Bull of the  Woods,"  was  never
able  to speak above a whisper again.  He also could not use
his right hand.                                             

After the War Longstreet urged reconciliation and  became  a
Republican,  being  put  in  charge  of  a customs house and
serving as an ambassador to Turkey.  This plus his  response
to  verbal  attacks on him by Jubal Early did not endear him
to many fellow Confederates.                                

Afterword:                                                  

Ed's talk inspired me to revisit the Wilderness battlefield,
where  I  followed  the  tour  described  on  an  audio tape
obtained several years ago at the  Chancellorsville  Visitor
Center.   Park  historian  Mac  Wyckoff  informed me on this
visit that my tape was still the most current.              

I recalled with much  pleasure  that  late  Longstreet  Camp
Commanders  Hef  Ferguson and Chuck Walton were with me on a
previous trip to the Wilderness several years ago.          

On the battlefield there is a nice stone and metal marker at
the  spot  where  Union  General Wadsworth was killed, while
there is only  a  NPS  sign  at  the  site  of  Longstreet's
wounding.  Once again, the General has received less than he
deserves.                                                   

Gordon Rhea's The Battle of the Wilderness was published  in
1994  by LSU Press.  Robert K.  Krick (the elder) wrote this
comment  for  the  dust  jacket,  "Rhea  has   written   the
definitive  study  of  the  Wilderness, better than anything
published heretofore and certain to stand for decades as the
ultimate authority on the battle." Praise by Robert K. Krick
is always well earned and never lightly given.               

The Wilderness  Campaign,  edited  by  Gary  Gallagher,  has
essays  by  respected  historians John Hennessy, Rhea, Peter
Carmichael,  both  Kricks,   Carol   Reardon,   and   editor
Gallagher.   Robert  E.   Lee Krick's essay is about General
Longstreet's flank attack.                                  

Both these books are informative and interesting.           

			Walter Dunn Tucker

Brig.  General Degataga (Stand Watie), a Cherokee chief, was
the last Confederate General to lay down his arms.          

Brevet  Brig.  General Donehogawa (Ely S.  Parker), a Seneca
sachem, was Grant's  military  secretary  and  recorded  the
terms of Lee's surrender at Appomattox.                     

			The Civil War Book of Lists

1st Lt. Commander Taylor Cowardin
shown above administering the oath to (l. to r.)
Will Wallace, Scott Summerfield and Dave Forrest

We welcomed three new members at the January meeting!   This
brings  us  up  to  71  members, 2 associate members and, of
course, Austin Thomas, our one and only honorary member!!